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The 3-Judges Bench of the Hon’ble #SupremeCourt of India in the case of NTPC Ltd vs M/s Deconar Services Pvt. Ltd. (CA No. 6484 of 2014), vide its Judgment dated 04.03.2021 reiterated and held that there read more
The 3-Judges Bench of the Hon’ble #SupremeCourt of India in the case of NTPC Ltd vs M/s Deconar Services Pvt. Ltd. (CA No. 6484 of 2014), vide its Judgment dated 04.03.2021 reiterated and held that there has to be an #error apparent on the face of the record for the Court to interfere with an #arbitralaward and findings thereon.
To read more, please visit the link below:
#supremecourt #arbitration #award #error
The #DelhiHighCourt has in a matter of M/S Kamdhenu Limited vs M/S Aashiana Rolling Mills Ltd passed a Judgement dated 12-05-2021, where the High Court decided upon the issue of Defendant’s alleged Einfringement read more
The #DelhiHighCourt has in a matter of M/S Kamdhenu Limited vs M/S Aashiana Rolling Mills Ltd passed a Judgement dated 12-05-2021, where the High Court decided upon the issue of Defendant’s alleged Einfringement of Plaintiff’s registered #design.
To read more, please visit the link below:
#delhihighcourt #registration #design #publication
The Two Judge Bench of the Hon’ble #SupremeCourt of India comprising of Justices Uday Umesh Lalit and Indira Banerjee passed a #Judgment dated 12-05-2021 in the case of Uttar Pradesh Power Transmission read more
The Two Judge Bench of the Hon’ble #SupremeCourt of India comprising of Justices Uday Umesh Lalit and Indira Banerjee passed a #Judgment dated 12-05-2021 in the case of Uttar Pradesh Power Transmission Corporation Ltd. And Anr. v. CG Power and Industrial Solutions Limited And Anr. {Special Leave Petition (C) NO. 8630 OF 2021} and held that presence of an #arbitrationclause does not debar the court from entertaining a #writpetition in #contractual matters.
To read more, please visit the link below:
#writpetition #supremecourt #arbitration #remedy
Income Tax Act, 1961, Section 195(1) - Double Tax Avoidance Agreement - Payment to non- resident - Liability to deduct TDS - There is liability to make necessary deductions only if non-resident to whom read more
Income Tax Act, 1961,
Section 195(1) - Double Tax Avoidance Agreement - Payment to non-
resident - Liability to deduct TDS - There is liability to make
necessary deductions only if non-resident to whom payment made is liable
to pay tax as assessee under Income Tax Act, and not otherwise - Tax
deductor must take into consideration effect of DTAA provisions - After
making deduction resident in India, would not then get any excess
payment made by way of refund when regular assessment takes place, as
nonresident assessee alone would be entitled to such refund.
*MSME certificate is required to take benefit of MSME under Section 240A of IBC, the Resolution Professional & AA are not expected to go into accounts and investigate if and in which category an application read more
*MSME certificate is
required to take benefit of MSME under Section 240A of IBC, the
Resolution Professional & AA are not expected to go into accounts
and investigate if and in which category an application falls under
Section 7 of MSME Act*
The Learned Counsel for the Appellant
accepts that the Appellant does not have memorandum or certificate from
the Government authorities showing that the Companies of the Appellant
are MSME.
It is argued that such certificate or memorandum is
not necessary and going by the definitions in the Act and balance sheet,
this Tribunal must find if it is Micro, Small or Medium Industry.
NCLAT referred Amit Gupta Vs. Yogesh Gupta (2019) ibclaw.in
465 NCLAT where it as held that in the Summary Procedure under IBC, the
Resolution Professional and Adjudicating Authority are not expected to
go into accounts and investigate if and in which category an application
falls under Section 7 examining Notifications under Explanation 2 or
Sub-Section 9 of Section 7 of MSME Act.
#supremecourtofindia Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, Sections 2(1)(f), 2(2) and 9 - International Commercial Arbitration - Interim order by a court in India - Where, in the arbitration which takes read more
#supremecourtofindia
Arbitration
and Conciliation Act, 1996, Sections 2(1)(f), 2(2) and 9 -
International Commercial Arbitration - Interim order by a court in India -
Where, in the arbitration which takes place outside India, assets of one of
parties are situated in India and interim orders are required qua such
assets, including preservation thereof - Courts in India may pass such
orders
As per Wikipedia Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals, which involves consciousness and emotionality. read more
As per Wikipedia Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals, which involves consciousness and emotionality. Artificial intelligence is the act of allowing a machine to behave in such a way that if any human being behaves in such a way, it will be called intelligent.
In 1956, John McCarthy, Invented the word "Artificial Intelligence" or A.I. Some people are of the view that mathematician AlanTuring's paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" (1950), along with Turing Test, were instrumentalities whichenvisaged the goal of artificial intelligence long ago. As per Russel and Norvig artificial intelligence means the study of agents that receive percept from the environment and perform actions andthinking and acting humanly and rationally are the approaches of Artificial Intelligence.
What does artificial intelligence need to work?
Artificial intelligence needs a lot of information or data to work. According to Luc Julia, one of the creators of the digital assistant Siri, which applies to the I-phone, if a machine could recognize a cat with 95% certainty, it would be necessary to have the images of about 100,000 cats. In this age big data or data science and computers with supercomputing powers imitating human brain is becoming reality. Generally, two sets of data, one is for building the model and another is for testing the same require huge amount of data.
Applications and effects of Artificial Intelligence around the world:
Artificial intelligence continues to influence every aspect of human civilization and society on a daily basis and will hopefully influence you more and more.Starting from machine learning, Artificial Intelligence has now entered into the field of Deep Learning where Artificial Intelligence is showing the courage to touch human power and intelligence. As per Venture capitalist Frank Chen,"Artificial intelligence is a set of algorithms and intelligence to try to mimic human intelligence. Machine learning is one of them, and deep learning is one of those machine learning techniques."Artificial intelligence continues to influence every aspect of human civilization and society on a daily basis and will hopefully influence you more and more.The use of artificial intelligence, especially in developed countries around the world, has long since begun in the field of justice, as in other fields.
And in this context, the American Artificial Intelligence System, COMPASS or [Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions] has received a worldwide attention for many reasons.This COMPASS has caused a great deal of controversy around the world as to whether racial discrimination is at all effective in committing crimes, and we are getting a forecast of what terrible social conditions might arise in the future if the judiciary were left in the hands of robots.Let's see how artificial intelligence, especially machine learning, can be used to administer justice.
Courts and information technology:
The judiciary has a great deal of effectiveness in administering justice in individual cases and presenting standards to society at large.However, regardless of the subject, the work of the courts and judges is to process information which the plaintiff/defendant brings to the court, the information that is converted during the process and the result that is also information or data. The word “Information” or “data” are clearly defined in our Information Technology Act, 2000. But here all of this data processing is not complex customization. Now we can see that in dealing with judicial cases, there is a huge need for processing information or with the help of information technology and here lies the application of complex algorithms which pave the way for a robust Artificial Intelligence system. Online dispute resolution can take the advantage of AI.
Here, the court primarily adopts digital documents so that the filing party provides the data digitally, so that they do not have to re-enter manually. Again, the cases when the results are predictable, it can be conducted partially or even largely a using artificial intelligence depending on the certainty of the verdict or result.A smart and efficiently designed filing portal can help partiesto bring with the vital data of their cases before the LearnedCourt in the best possible way which provides the opportunity of application of Artificial intelligence in various ways.
What can artificial intelligence do for the court?
With a marvellous development of Artificial Intelligence or A.I. technology, legal questions are raised about on lack of human rights regulation compliances, surveillance and accountability within the judiciary. The potential for artificial intelligence has already been explored by many jurisdictions, including the judiciary, prosecution services and other specialized judicial agencies across the world for criminal trials as well as civil matters including online dispute resolution or Alternative Dispute Resolution venturing for automation process in decision-making.
Now the question is how can artificial intelligence be effective for courts and judges and what is needed to make artificial intelligence useful. Let us scan the same:
Artificial intelligence can work in different ways to meet different needs -
To Organize/Deal with data –AI will organize or deal with data in a more effective way than manual one.
That is why the application of information technology, including artificial intelligence, is not the same in all cases.Before the European Union, the following questions are important in the judiciary at this moment:
In finding a solution to the above glaring issues, the Council of European Union has come up with policy guidelines for application of AI in justice dispensation system.
What is needed to make artificial intelligence useful in court?
In some cases AI has proved its efficiency in practice but there is no evidence yet that robots can judge or capable to conscionable verdict to solve complex human problem with legal prodigy, acceptable to the society. Again, AI has been able to help organize, collect and process huge information for the use of individuals, litigation and judges. Thus in the era of ever increasing reservoir of big legal data AI can efficiently help, if algorithmed in the best way possible by the expert.
What should efficient or reliable Artificial Intelligence Guidelines: According Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence by European Union, artificial intelligence should be –
As per the above guideline, key requirements for atrustworthy AI systemare:
European Ethical Charter on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Judicial Systems and their environment provides a framework of principles on the use of AIwhich can guide policymakers, legislatures and judicial professionals in their judicial work or related fields.
What is Predictive Justice?
Predictive justice is the analysis of huge data on previous judicial findings which subsequently analysed and processed by AI as designed by its algorithm in predicting the decisions, of course in some special types of cases.
Involvement of artificial intelligence can be very helpfulin:
Predictive trial software has been used experimentally in two courts conducted in 2017 at the initiative of the French Ministry of Justice in France.
Failure to "predict" criminal offenses:
In an application of artificial intelligence in the United States, blacks were often classified as high-risk, although they did not commit such crimes within two years of being convicted.
Contrary to the prediction by the AI, white people, on the other hand [who were classified as low-risk] committed crimes within the next two years. Thus, the algorithm of Artificial Intelligence proved to be failure and racially discriminative.
Use of Artificial Intelligence by theIndian Judiciary:
In the above international situation, a landmark event took place in India a few days ago when the outgoing Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India, Hon’ble S A Bobde launched the Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Court's Efficiency (SUPACE) for the Indian judiciary. SUPACE is the Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Court's Efficiency. As per the report in the media, its duty is to collect relevant information including ofcourse legal information and making the same available to judges to quick justice dispensation, saving huge valuable time for the learned judges in a more efficient, cost-effective and time-bound way, but cautious enough, it is not meant to make a decision.If proven right, this AI system in our judicial system will definitely helps solving the huge pendency of litigation in various cases in various courts in India.
The following are some of the concerns we need to consider in the coming days:
The growing use of artificial intelligence in the justice system around the world is raising more ethical questions directly connecting with the fundamental rights still artificial intelligence if put in a right way, can probably evaluate huge data and cases and process the data and afford justice in a better, faster and more efficient way. Artificial intelligence can have a profound effect on the decision-making of lawyers and administrative public bodies, ranging from the legal profession and the judiciary. In dealing with AI, we certainly have various challenges to tackle in the days to come, for example lack of transparency, apprehension of biasness, pointless, discriminatory or lack of confidentiality and lack of value to human dignity.
Finally, a very important question remained in the mind of each of us and that is whether one day the precious judgments of our esteemed court will be delivered or driven by artificial intelligence or deep learning or robots. Only the framer of algorithms, policy makers and above all, time will tell!
Written by Adv Bivas Chatterjee, Public Prosecutor for Cyber Law and Electronics Evidence for entire West Bengal.
Source: https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence
Source: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai.
Part - III, Article 19 of Constitution of India says,19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.—(1) All citizens shall have the right— (a) to freedom of speech and expression;Freedom read more
Part - III, Article 19 of Constitution of India says,
19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.—(1) All citizens shall have the right—
(a) to freedom of speech and expression;
Freedom of speech is one of the most important and cherished right of a democratic country, and India being the world's largest democracy and having world's largest written constitution, our highest court that is Hon'ble Supreme Court of India is always guarding this precious constitutional right. In one of landmark judgement in The Chief Election Commissioner of India Versus M.R Vijayabhaskar & Ors., in Civil Appeal No. 1767 of 2021 decided on May 6, 2021, uphold the sanctity and holiness of this constitutional right. In this celebrated judgement Hon'ble Supreme Court of India even discussed on the freedom of expression in the present day media including Social Media.
Challenging the order of Hon'ble High Court and large scale social media coverage of verbal observation of the Hon'ble High Court the present application was filed.
Some important part of this judgement is discussed below:
For details please read the entire judgement :
The Chief Election Commissioner of India Versus M.R Vijayabhaskar & Ors.
Recently we saw a landmark development in Telecom Industry in India As per news release by PIB, Telecom Department gives permission to Telecom companies for 5G Technology and Spectrum Trials The said read more
Recently we saw a landmark development in Telecom Industry in India As per news release by PIB, Telecom Department gives permission to Telecom companies for 5G Technology and Spectrum Trials The said trial will be in different rural, semi-urban and urban areas in India ..
5G technology is expected to have 10 times higher download rate than that of existing 4G. Even the this new 5G technology is Expected to have up to three times greater spectrum efficiency than its forefather 4G.
This 5G technology is expected to be beneficial to various core and crucial sectors including Agriculture, Education, Health, Transport, Traffic management. This cutting-age technology is expected to even revolutionize the growth of building smart cities, smart homes, and applications of Internet of Things in India.
The duration of the trials is for a period of 6 months. In the Press Release by Press Information Bureau also advocated the use of India's own designed 5Gi technology.
Now we have to see what will be health effects of the inception of 5G technology in India as people are long discussing about the apprehension of health hazards arising out it. We have long been witnessing various techno-legal-health issues arsing out of existing mobile infrastructure technology.
For more details please read
Introduction Every human being is entitled to certain basic rights such as education, employment, health care and, most importantly, self-identification. But such rights are denied to the transgender read more
Every human being is entitled to certain basic rights such as education, employment, health care and, most importantly, self-identification. But such rights are denied to the transgender people, i.e., the people who are having a gender identity or a gender expression that varies from the gender assigned to them at birth including hijras, eunuchs, kothis, aravanis, jogappas, shiv-shakthis, etc. who strongly identify with the gender opposite of their biological sex; male and female in India even after the enactment of Transgender Persons' (Rights Protection) Act on November 25, 2019.
Sometimes, our community ridicules and exploits the Transgender community and in public places such as railway stations, bus stands, schools, offices, malls, theatres, hospitals, they are ignored and viewed as untouchable, unaware that the moral deficiency lies in society's inability to accept or tolerate various gender identities and expressions, an attitude that the society must alter.
The research paper addresses the problem of transgender in the community where they were used as an instrument of harassment and physical abuse and explores different issue pertaining to the constitutional and other legal rights of the transgender community and their gender identity and sexual orientation in India.
1.1 Historical Background of Transgender in India
During the British rule, legislation was introduced to monitor the activities of the Hijras / transgender community, called the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871, which considered the entire Hijras community to be innately criminal and habituated to the systematic commission of non-bailable crimes. The law provided for the registration, supervision and control of certain criminal tribes and eunuchs, and penalised eunuchs who were enrolled and seemed to be dressed or ornamented like a woman, in a city street or in a public setting, as well as those who danced or expected to perform music in a public venue. Such persons could also be detained without a warrant and sentenced to imprisonment of up to two years or a fine or both.
Piror to the enactment of the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871, Section 377 of Indian Penal Code, 1860, criminalized all penile- non-vaginal sexual acts between persons, including at a time when transgender individuals were also typically associated with prescribed sexual practices.
The case Suresh Kumar Koushal and another v. Naz Foundation and others found Section 377 of Indian Penal Code, 1860, and other legal prohibitions against private, adult, consensual, and non-commercial same-sex was in the violation of fundamental rights provided by the Indian Constitution. The Supreme Court had previously upheld Section 377 of the IPC on the grounds that only a tiny fraction of the country's population, according to the court, belonged to the LGBTQI community. The Court in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India, rejected this argument and finally the court ruled that Section 377 is unconstitutional as it infringed the fundamental rights of autonomy, intimacy, and identity, thus legalizing homosexuality in India.
The Court relied upon its decision in National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India, to emphasize that gender identity is fundamental to one's personality and to ignore the same will be a breach of one's integrity.
Also relied upon the case K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, where it was held that ignoring the LGBT community the right to privacy on the basis that they constitute a minority of the population would be in violation of their fundamental rights. It held that Section 377 constitutes an inappropriate restriction on the right to freedom of expression, because consensual carnal intercourse in private "does not in any way affect public dignity or morality". The Court held that "intimacy between consenting adults of the same sex is beyond the legitimate interests of the State" and sodomy laws violate the right to equality under Article.14 and Article 15 of the Constitution by excluding sections of the population for their sexual orientation.
Also the case Shafin Jahan v. Asokan K.M. and Shakti Vahini v. Union of Indiaheld that Reaffirming that the right of an individual to "choose a life partner of his / her desire" is a facet of human liberty.
1.2 Constitutional Perspective
1. Article 14 of the Constitution provides equal protection and, therefore, a substantive duty on the State to ensure equal protection of laws by bringing about required social and economic reforms, so that all, including transgenders, will enjoy equal protection of laws and no one is denied such protection.
However there are some instances that portray such facts and figures backed by relevant materials that despite constitutional guarantee of equality, transgender people in all sectors of society have faced extreme discrimination. Furthermore, access to public toilets is also a serious issue which they often face. Since the transgender people do not have separate toilet facilities, they will have to use male toilets where they are vulnerable to sexual abuse and harassment. Therefore discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity impairs equality before law and equal protection of law and violates Article 14 of the Indian Constitution.
2. Article 15 and 16 of the Constitution prohibit discrimination on certain enumerated grounds against any citizen, including on grounds of gender. In fact, both Articles forbid all forms of gender bias and discrimination based on gender.
Consequently, discrimination on the basis of sex under Articles 15 and 16 covers discriminating on the basis of gender identity. The term sex used in Articles 15 and 16 is not limited to male or female biological sex alone, but intended to include individuals who consider themselves to be neither male nor female.
Transgenders have been denied basic rights under Article 15(2) to which no disability, liability, restriction or condition of access to public places is to be subjected. Special provisions for the advancement of the socially and educationally backward classes (SEBC) of citizens, which they are legally entitled and eligible to receive the benefits of SEBC, were also not granted to TGs pursuant to Article 15(4). They were also denied rights pursuant to Article 16(2) and discriminated against on basis of sex in respect of employment or office within the State. TGs are also entitled, as provided for in Article 16(4) of the Constitution, to make a reservation in the matter of appointment.
3.Article 19(1) (a) of the Constitution states that “all citizens shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression, which includes ones right to expression of his self-identified gender. Self-identified gender can be expressed through dress, words, action or behavior or any other form. No restriction can be placed on one’s personal appearance or choice of dressing, subject to the restrictions contained in Article 19(2) of the Constitution.”
Gender identity, therefore, lies at the core of ones personal identity, gender expression and presentation and, therefore, it will have to be protected under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India. A transgenders personality could be expressed by the transgenders behavior and presentation. State cannot prohibit, restrict or interfere with a transgenders expression of such personality, which reflects that inherent personality. Often the State and its authorities either due to ignorance or otherwise fail to digest the innate character and identity of such persons. We, therefore, hold that values of privacy, self-identity, autonomy and personal integrity are fundamental rights guaranteed to members of the transgender community under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India and the State is bound to protect and recognize those rights.
4.Article 21 of the constitution states that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
At the heart of the fundamental right to dignity lies the recognition of one's gender identity. Gender, as already indicated, constitutes the core of ones sense of being as well as an integral part of a person’s identity. Consequently, legal recognition of gender identity forms part of the right to dignity and freedom guaranteed by our Constitution.
In Anuj Garg v. Hotel Association of India, the Supreme Court held that personal autonomy involves both the negative right of others not to be subjected to interference and the positive right of individuals to make decisions about their lives, to express themselves and to choose which activities to participate in. Gender self-determination is an essential part of personal autonomy and self-expression, and falls within the realm of personal liberty guaranteed by Article 21 of India's Constitution.
The case which is taken as a landmark case when we talk about the transgender community is National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India, where a writ petition was filed by the National Legal Services Authority, an Indian statutory body formed to provide legal representation to disadvantaged sections of society. The petition was supported by a non-governmental organisation representing the Transgender Kinnar community and a person who described himself as a Hijra.
The petition sought a legal recognition of their gender identity other than the one given at the time of birth and the non-recognition of their gender identity violated Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution of India. The transgender community has called for their inability to express themselves on the basis of binary identity to deny them equal protection of the law and social welfare programmes. They also prayed for legal rights as a backward community, as well as the right to be able to express their self-identified gender in governmental ways.
Thus, the supreme court held that gender identity and sexual orientation include trans genders and that “each person’s self-defined sexual orientation and gender identity is integral to their personality and is one of the most basic aspects of self-determination, dignity and freedom and no one shall be forced to undergo medical procedures as a requirement for legal recognition of their gender identity.” Also stated that “apart from binary gender, be treated as ‘third gender’ for the purpose of safeguarding their rights under Part III of our Constitution and the laws made by the Parliament and the State Legislature.” It also instructed the state governments to offer legal recognition of their gender identity as male, female or third-gender.
1.3 Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2019
Based to the 2011 Census, the number of people who do not identify as 'male' or 'female' but as 'other' is 4.87.803 (0.04 per cent of the total population). This 'other' group referred to individuals that were not classified as either male or female and included transgender individuals.
In 2013, the Government formed an expert committee to discuss issues related to transgender people. The Committee reported that transgender people were presented with problems of social stigma and discrimination impacting their access to education , health care, jobs and government records. In 2014, the Supreme Court acknowledged the right of a transgender person to self-identify as male, female or third-gender. The Court also directed central and state governments to give legal recognition to transgender people, to resolve issues of social stigma and prejudice and to provide them with social welfare schemes.
The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2019 was passed by Parliament on November 26, 2019. The Bill describes a transgender person as being partially female or male; or a mixture of female and male; or neither female nor male. In addition, the gender of the person shall not adhere to the gender assigned at birth and shall include trans-men, trans-women, individuals with intersex differences and gender-queers.
It also criminalizes begging and Protects people from discrimination against a transgender person in fields such as education, jobs and health.
A transgender person is required to obtain a certificate of identity as evidence of identification as a transgender person and to invoke rights under the Bill. Such a certificate will be given by the District Magistrate on the recommendation of the Screening Committee. The committee will be composed of a medical officer, a psychologist or psychiatrist, a district welfare officer, a government official and a transgender person.
1.4 Conclusion
The decision made in the both the cases, i.e, Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India, and National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India, were historic in nature and has exceptionally high precedent significance, as determined by the Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court of India. It sets a bidding precedent for all courts across India and for the smaller Supreme Court benches.
However, the bill essentially denies the majority of transgender people their right to self-identification by offering an unnecessarily complicated bureaucratic system requiring the applicant to apply for a transgender certificate to be accepted by two separate sets of authorities, despite earlier widespread criticism by the transgender community of this mechanism.
The Bill also included mandatory sex reassignment surgery for transgender individuals who want to define their gender within the binary (male / female) system. This provision would be contrary to the judgement of the Supreme Court in NALSA v. UOI, which guarantees the right to self-identification without the need for medical intervention.
Moreover, the recognition of beggary' as an offence under the Bill is troublesome, as it remains one of the few livelihood opportunities for many transgender people in the country.
Moreover, notwithstanding the clear directions of the Supreme Court in NALSA v. UOI, the Bill does not discuss the issue of employment and education reservations neither any separate public toilets and other facilities are established for them. They are still being discriminated in hospitals, employment, housing, healthcare and other services.

Allahabad, India

Kolkata, India

Allahabad, India

Moradabad, India

Mohali, India

Navi Mumbai, India

Glendale, United States

Muzaffarpur, India
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b. SoOLEGAL Consultant will be informed immediately on receipt of advance payment from Client which will be held by SoOLegal and will not be released to either Party and an email requesting the Registered Consultant will be sent to initiate the assignment.
c. The Registered Consultant will be asked on the timeline for completion of the assignment which will be intimated to Client.
d. Once the work is completed by the consultant the document/ advice note will be in SoOLEGAL repository and once Client makes rest of the payment, the full amount will be remitted to the consultant in the next payment cycle and the document access will be given to the client.
e. In the event where the Client fails to make payment of the balance amount within 30 days from the date of upload , the Registered Consultant shall receive the advance amount paid by the Client without any interest in the next time cycle after the lapse of 30 days.
S-1.4 Credit Card Fraud.
We will not bear the risk of credit card fraud (i.e. a fraudulent purchase arising from the theft and unauthorised use of a third party's credit card information) occurring in connection with Your Transactions. We may in our sole discretion withhold for investigation, refuse to process, restrict download for, stop and/or cancel any of Your Transactions. You will stop and/or cancel orders of Your Documents/ Advices if we ask you to do so. You will refund any customer (in accordance with Section S-2.2) that has been charged for an order that we stop or cancel.
S-2. Transaction and Fulfilment, Refunds and Returns
S-2.1 Transaction and Fulfilment:
Fulfilment – Fulfilment is categorised under the following heads:
1. Fulfilment by Registered User/ Consultant - In the event of Client seeking consultation, Registered User/ Consultant has to ensure the quality of the product and as per the requirement of the Client and if its not as per client, it will not be SoOLEGAL’s responsibility and it will be assumed that the Registered User/ Consultant and the Client have had correspondence before assigning the work to the Registered User/ Consultant.
2. Fulfilment by SoOLEGAL - If the Registered User/ Consultant has uploaded the Documents/ Advice in SoOLEGAL Site, SoOLEGAL Authorised personnel does not access such Documents/ Advice and privacy of the Client’s Documents/ Advice and information is confidential and will be encrypted and upon payment by Client, the Documents/ Advice is emailed by SoOLEGAL to them. Client’s information including email id will be furnished to SoOLEGAL by Registered User/ Consultant.
If Documents/ Advice is not sent to Client, SoOLEGAL will refund any amount paid to such Client’s account without interest within 60 days.
3. SoOLEGAL will charge 5% of the transaction value which is subject to change with time due to various economic and financial factors including inflation among other things, which will be as per SoOLEGAL’s discretion and will be informed to Registered Users about the same from time to time. Any tax applicable on Registered User/ Consultant is payable by such Registered User/ Consultant and not by SoOLEGAL.
4. SoOLEGAL will remit the fees (without any interest) to its Registered User/ Consultant every 15 (fifteen) days. If there is any discrepancy in such payment, it should be reported to Accounts Head of SoOLEGAL (accounts@soolegal.com) with all relevant account statement within fifteen days from receipt of that last cycle payment. Any discrepancy will be addressed in the next fifteen days cycle. If any discrepancy is not reported within 15 days of receipt of payment, such payment shall be deemed accepted and SoOLEGAL shall not entertain any such reports thereafter.
5. Any Registered User/ Consultant wishes to discontinue with this, such Registered User/ Consultant shall send email to SoOLEGAL and such account will be closed and all credits will be refunded to such Registered User/ Consultant after deducation of all taxes and applicable fees within 30 days. Other than as described in the Fulfilment by SoOLEGAL Terms & Conditions (if applicable to you), for the SoOLEGAL Site for which you register or use the Transacting on SoOLEGAL Service, you will: (a) source, fulfil and transact with your Documents/ Advices, in each case in accordance with the terms of the applicable Order Information, these Transaction Terms & Conditions, and all terms provided by you and displayed on the SoOLEGAL Site at the time of the order and be solely responsible for and bear all risk for such activities; (a) not cancel any of Your Transactions except as may be permitted pursuant to your Terms & Conditions appearing on the SoOLEGAL Site at the time of the applicable order (which Terms & Conditions will be in accordance with Transaction Terms & Conditions) or as may be required Transaction Terms & Conditions per the terms laid in this Documents/ Advice; in each case as requested by us using the processes designated by us, and we may make any of this information publicly available notwithstanding any other provision of the Terms mentioned herein, ensure that you are the REGISTERED USER of all Documents/ Advices made available for listing for Transaction hereunder; identify yourself as the REGISTERED USER of the Documents/ Advices on all downloads or other information included with Your Documents/ Advices and as the Person to which a customer may return the applicable Documents/ Advices; and
S-2.2 Returns and Refunds. For all of Your Documents/ Advices that are not fulfilled using Fulfilment by SoOLEGAL, you will accept and process returns, refunds and adjustments in accordance with these Transaction Terms & Conditions and the SoOLEGAL Refund Policies published at the time of the applicable order, and we may inform customers that these policies apply to Your Documents/ Advices. You will determine and calculate the amount of all refunds and adjustments (including any taxes, shipping of any hard copy and handling or other charges) or other amounts to be paid by you to customers in connection with Your Transactions, using a functionality we enable for Your Account. This functionality may be modified or discontinued by us at any time without notice and is subject to the Program Policies and the terms of thisTransaction Terms & Conditions Documents/ Advice. You will route all such payments through SoOLEGAL We will provide any such payments to the customer (which may be in the same payment form originally used to purchase Your Documents/ Advices), and you will reimburse us for all amounts so paid. For all of Your Documents/ Advices that are fulfilled using Fulfilment by SoOLEGAL, the SoOLEGAL Refund Policies published at the time of the applicable order will apply and you will comply with them. You will promptly provide refunds and adjustments that you are obligated to provide under the applicable SoOLEGAL Refund Policies and as required by Law, and in no case later than thirty (30) calendar days following after the obligation arises. For the purposes of making payments to the customer (which may be in the same payment form originally used to purchase Your Documents/ Advices), you authorize us to make such payments or disbursements from your available balance in the Nodal Account (as defined in Section S-6). In the event your balance in the Nodal Account is insufficient to process the refund request, we will process such amounts due to the customer on your behalf, and you will reimburse us for all such amount so paid.
S-5. Compensation
You will pay us: (a) the applicable Referral Fee; (b) any applicable Closing Fees; and (c) if applicable, the non-refundable Transacting on SoOLEGAL Subscription Fee in advance for each month (or for each transaction, if applicable) during the Term of this Transaction Terms & Conditions. "Transacting on SoOLEGAL Subscription Fee" means the fee specified as such on the Transacting on SoOLEGALSoOLEGAL Fee Schedule for the SoOLEGAL Site at the time such fee is payable. With respect to each of Your Transactions: (x) "Transactions Proceeds" has the meaning set out in the Transaction Terms & Conditions; (y) "Closing Fees" means the applicable fee, if any, as specified in the Transacting on SoOLEGAL Fee Schedule for the SoOLEGAL Site; and (z) "Referral Fee" means the applicable percentage of the Transactions Proceeds from Your Transaction through the SoOLEGAL Site specified on the Transacting on SoOLEGAL Fee Schedule for the SoOLEGAL Site at the time of Your Transaction, based on the categorization by SoOLEGAL of the type of Documents/ Advices that is the subject of Your Transaction; provided, however, that Transactions Proceeds will not include any shipping charge set by us in the case of Your Transactions that consist solely of SoOLEGAL-Fulfilled Documents/ Advices. Except as provided otherwise, all monetary amounts contemplated in these Service Terms will be expressed and provided in the Local Currency, and all payments contemplated by this Transaction Terms & Conditions will be made in the Local Currency.
All taxes or surcharges imposed on fees payable by you to SoOLEGAL will be your responsibility.
S-6 Transactions Proceeds & Refunds.
S-6.1.Nodal Account. Remittances to you for Your Transactions will be made through a nodal account (the "Nodal Account") in accordance with the directions issued by Reserve Bank of India for the opening and operation of accounts and settlement of payments for electronic payment transactions involving intermediaries vide its notification RBI/2009-10/231 DPSS.CO.PD.No.1102 / 02.14.08/ 2009-10 dated November 24, 2009. You hereby agree and authorize us to collect payments on your behalf from customers for any Transactions. You authorize and permit us to collect and disclose any information (which may include personal or sensitive information such as Your Bank Account information) made available to us in connection with the Transaction Terms & Conditions mentioned hereunder to a bank, auditor, processing agency, or third party contracted by us in connection with this Transaction Terms & Conditions.
Subject to and without limiting any of the rights described in Section 2 of the General Terms, we may hold back a portion or your Transaction Proceeds as a separate reserve ("Reserve"). The Reserve will be in an amount as determined by us and the Reserve will be used only for the purpose of settling the future claims of customers in the event of non-fulfillment of delivery to the customers of your Documents/ Advices keeping in mind the period for refunds and chargebacks.
S-6.2. Except as otherwise stated in this Transaction Terms & Conditions Documents/ Advice (including without limitation Section 2 of the General Terms), you authorize us and we will remit the Settlement Amount to Your Bank Account on the Payment Date in respect of an Eligible Transaction. When you either initially provide or later change Your Bank Account information, the Payment Date will be deferred for a period of up to 14 calendar days. You will not have the ability to initiate or cause payments to be made to you. If you refund money to a customer in connection with one of Your Transactions in accordance with Section S-2.2, on the next available Designated Day for SoOLEGAL Site, we will credit you with the amount to us attributable to the amount of the customer refund, less the Refund Administration Fee for each refund, which amount we may retain as an administrative fee.
"Eligible Transaction" means Your Transaction against which the actual shipment date has been confirmed by you.
"Designated Day" means any particular Day of the week designated by SoOLEGAL on a weekly basis, in its sole discretion, for making remittances to you.
"Payment Date" means the Designated Day falling immediately after 14 calendar days (or less in our sole discretion) of the Eligible Transaction.
"Settlement Amount" means Invoices raised through SoOLEGAL Platform (which you will accept as payment in full for the Transaction and shipping and handling of Your Documents/ Advices), less: (a) the Referral Fees due for such sums; (b) any Transacting on SoOLEGAL Subscription Fees due; (c) taxes required to be charged by us on our fees; (d) any refunds due to customers in connection with the SoOLEGAL Site; (e) Reserves, as may be applicable, as per this Transaction Terms & Conditions; (f) Closing Fees, if applicable; and (g) any other applicable fee prescribed under the Program Policies. SoOLEGAL shall not be responsible for
S-6.3. In the event that we elect not to recover from you a customer's chargeback, failed payment, or other payment reversal (a "Payment Failure"), you irrevocably assign to us all your rights, title and interest in and associated with that Payment Failure.
S-7. Control of Site
Notwithstanding any provision of this Transaction Terms & Conditions, we will have the right in our sole discretion to determine the content, appearance, design, functionality and all other aspects of the SoOLEGAL Site and the Transacting on SoOLEGAL Service (including the right to re-design, modify, remove and alter the content, appearance, design, functionality, and other aspects of, and prevent or restrict access to any of the SoOLEGAL Site and the Transacting on SoOLEGAL Service and any element, aspect, portion or feature thereof (including any listings), from time to time) and to delay or suspend listing of, or to refuse to list, or to de-list, or require you not to list any or all Documents/ Advices on the SoOLEGAL Site in our sole discretion.
S-8. Effect of Termination
Upon termination of this Contract, the Transaction Terms & Conditions automatiocally stands terminated and in connection with the SoOLEGAL Site, all rights and obligations of the parties under these Service Terms with regard to the SoOLEGAL Site will be extinguished, except that the rights and obligations of the parties with respect to Your Transactions occurring during the Term will survive the termination or expiration of the Term.
"SoOLEGAL Refund Policies" means the return and refund policies published on the SoOLEGAL Site.
"Required Documents/ Advices Information" means, with respect to each of Your Documents/ Advices in connection with the SoOLEGAL Site, the following (except to the extent expressly not required under the applicable Policies) categorization within each SoOLEGAL Documents/ Advices category and browse structure as prescribed by SoOLEGAL from time to time, Purchase Price; Documents/ Advice Usage, any text, disclaimers, warnings, notices, labels or other content required by applicable Law to be displayed in connection with the offer, merchandising, advertising or Transaction of Your Documents/ Advices, requirements, fees or other terms and conditions applicable to such Documents/ Advices that a customer should be aware of prior to purchasing the Documents/ Advices;
"Transacting on SoOLEGAL Launch Date" means the date on which we first list one of Your Documents/ Advices for Transaction on the SoOLEGAL Site.
"URL Marks" means any Trademark, or any other logo, name, phrase, identifier or character string, that contains or incorporates any top level domain (e.g., .com, co.in, co.uk, .in, .de, .es, .edu, .fr, .jp) or any variation thereof (e.g., dot com, dotcom, net, or com).
"Your Transaction" is defined in the Transaction Terms & Conditions; however, as used in Terms & Conditions, it shall mean any and all such transactions whereby you conduct Transacting of Documents/ Advices or advice sought from you by clients/ customers in writing or by any other mode which is in coherence with SoOLEGAL policy on SoOLEGAL site only.
Taxes on Fees Payable to SoOLEGAL. In regard to these Service Terms you can provide a PAN registration number or any other Registration/ Enrolment number that reflects your Professional capacity by virtue of various enactments in place. If you are PAN registered, or any professional Firm but not PAN registered, you give the following warranties and representations:
(a) all services provided by SoOLEGAL to you are being received by your establishment under your designated PAN registration number; and
SoOLEGAL reserves the right to request additional information and to confirm the validity of any your account information (including without limitation your PAN registration number) from you or government authorities and agencies as permitted by Law and you hereby irrevocably authorize SoOLEGAL to request and obtain such information from such government authorities and agencies. Further, you agree to provide any such information to SoOLEGAL upon request. SoOLEGAL reserves the right to charge you any applicable unbilled PAN if you provide a PAN registration number, or evidence of being in a Professional Firm, that is determined to be invalid. PAN registered REGISTERED USERs and REGISTERED USERs who provide evidence of being in Law Firm agree to accept electronic PAN invoices in a format and method of delivery as determined by SoOLEGAL.
All payments by SoOLEGAL to you shall be made subject to any applicable withholding taxes under the applicable Law. SoOLEGAL will retain, in addition to its net Fees, an amount equal to the legally applicable withholding taxes at the applicable rate. You are responsible for deducting and depositing the legally applicable taxes and deliver to SoOLEGAL sufficient Documents/ Advice evidencing the deposit of tax. Upon receipt of the evidence of deduction of tax, SoOLEGAL will remit the amount evidenced in the certificate to you. Upon your failure to duly deposit these taxes and providing evidence to that effect within 5 days from the end of the relevant month, SoOLEGAL shall have the right to utilize the retained amount for discharging its tax liability.
Where you have deposited the taxes, you will issue an appropriate tax withholding certificate for such amount to SoOLEGAL and SoOLEGAL shall provide necessary support and Documents/ Adviceation as may be required by you for discharging your obligations.
SoOLEGAL has the option to obtain an order for lower or NIL withholding tax from the Indian Revenue authorities. In case SoOLEGAL successfully procures such an order, it will communicate the same to you. In that case, the amounts retained, shall be in accordance with the directions contained in the order as in force at the point in time when tax is required to be deducted at source.
Any taxes applicable in addition to the fee payable to SoOLEGAL shall be added to the invoiced amount as per applicable Law at the invoicing date which shall be paid by you.F.11. Indemnity
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Category and Documents/ Advice RestrictionsCertain Documents/ Advices cannot be listed or sold on SoOLEGAL site as a matter of compliance with legal or regulatory restrictions (for example, prescription drugs) or in accordance with SoOLEGAL policy (for example, crime scene photos). SoOLEGAL's policies also prohibit specific types of Documents/ Advice content. For guidelines on prohibited content and copyright violations, see our Prohibited Content list. For some Documents/ Advice categories, REGISTERED USERS may not create Documents/ Advice listings without prior approval from SoOLEGAL. |
In addition to your obligations under Section 6 of the Transaction Terms & Conditions, you also agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless us, our Affiliates and their and our respective officers, directors, employees, representatives and agents against any Claim that arises out of or relates to: (a) the Units (whether or not title has transferred to us, and including any Unit that we identify as yours pursuant to Section F-4 regardless of whether such Unit is the actual item you originally sent to us), including any personal injury, death or property damage; and b) any of Your Taxes or the collection, payment or failure to collect or pay Your Taxes.
Registered Users must at all times adhere to the following rules for the Documents/ Advices they intend to put on Transaction:
The "Add a Documents/ Advice" feature allows REGISTERED USERS to create Documents/ Advice details pages for Documents/ Advices.
The following rules and restrictions apply to REGISTERED USERS who use the SoOLEGAL.in "Add a Documents/ Advice" feature.
Using this feature for any purpose other than creating Documents/ Advice details pages is prohibited.
Any Documents/ Advice already in the SoOLEGAL.in catalogue which is not novel and/ or unique or has already been provided by any other Registered User which may give rise to Intellectual Property infringement of any other Registered User is prohibited.
Detail pages may not feature or contain Prohibited Content or .
The inclusion of any of the following information in detail page titles, descriptions, bullet points, or images is prohibited:
Information which is grossly harmful, harassing, blasphemous, defamatory, pedophilic, libelous, invasive of another's privacy, hateful, or racially, ethnically objectionable, disparaging, relating or encouraging money laundering or gambling, pornographic, obscene or offensive content or otherwise unlawful in any manner whatever.
Availability, price, condition, alternative ordering information (such as links to other websites for placing orders).
Reviews, quotes or testimonials.
Solicitations for positive customer reviews.
Advertisements, promotional material, or watermarks on images, photos or videos.
Time-sensitive information
Information which belongs to another person and to which the REGISTERED USER does not have any right to.
Information which infringes any patent, trademark, copyright or other proprietary rights.
Information which deceives or misleads the addressee about the origin of the messages or communicates any information which is grossly offensive or menacing in nature.
Information which threatens the unity, integrity, defence, security or sovereignty of India, friendly relations with foreign states, or public order or causes incitement to the commission of any cognizable offence or prevents investigation of any offence or is insulting any other nation.
Information containing software viruses or any other computer code, files or programs designed to interrupt, destroy or limit the functionality of any computer resource.
Information violating any law for the time being in force.
All Documents/ Advices should be appropriately and accurately classified to the most specific location available. Incorrectly classifying Documents/ Advices is prohibited.
Documents/ Advice titles, Documents/ Advice descriptions, and bullets must be clearly written and should assist the customer in understanding the Documents/ Advice. .
All Documents/ Advice images must meet SoOLEGAL general standards as well as any applicable category-specific image guidelines.
Using bad data (HTML, special characters */? etc.) in titles, descriptions, bullets and for any other attribute is prohibited.
Do not include HTML, DHTML, Java, scripts or other types of executables in your detail pages.
Prohibited REGISTERED USER Activities and Actions
SoOLEGAL.com REGISTERED USER Rules are established to maintain a transacting platform that is safe for buyers and fair for REGISTERED USERS. Failure to comply with the terms of the REGISTERED USER Rules can result in cancellation of listings, suspension from use of SoOLEGAL.in tools and reports, or the removal of transacting privileges.
Attempts to divert transactions or buyers: Any attempt to circumvent the established SoOLEGAL Transactions process or to divert SoOLEGAL users to another website or Transactions process is prohibited. Specifically, any advertisements, marketing messages (special offers) or "calls to action" that lead, prompt, or encourage SoOLEGALusers to leave the SoOLEGAL website are prohibited. Prohibited activities include the following:
The use of e-mail intended to divert customers away from the SoOLEGAL.com Transactions process.
Unauthorised & improper "Names": A REGISTERED USER's Name (identifying the REGISTERED USER's entity on SoOLEGAL.com) must be a name that: accurately identifies the REGISTERED USER; is not misleading: and the REGISTERED USER has the right to use (that is, the name cannot include the trademark of, or otherwise infringe on, any trademark or other intellectual property right of any person). Furthermore, a REGISTERED USER cannot use a name that contains an e-mail suffix such as .com, .net, .biz, and so on.
Unauthorised & improper invoicing: REGISTERED USERS must ensure that the tax invoice is raised in the name of the end customer who has placed an order with them through SoOLEGAL Payment Systems platform . The tax invoice should not mention SoOLEGAL as either a REGISTERED USER or a customer/buyer. Please note that all Documents/ Advices listed on SoOLEGAL.com are sold by the respective REGISTERED USERS to the end customers and SoOLEGAL is neither a buyer nor a REGISTERED USER in the transaction. REGISTERED USERS need to include the PAN/ Service Tax registration number in the invoice.
Inappropriate e-mail communications: All REGISTERED USER e-mail communications with buyers must be courteous, relevant and appropriate. Unsolicited e-mail communications with SoOLEGAL , e-mail communications other than as necessary and related customer service, and e-mails containing marketing communications of any kind (including within otherwise permitted communications) are prohibited.
Operating multiple REGISTERED USER accounts: Operating and maintaining multiple REGISTERED USER accounts is prohibited.
In your request, please provide an explanation of the legitimate business need for a second account.
Misuse of Search and Browse: When customers use SoOLEGAL's search engine and browse structure, they expect to find relevant and accurate results. To protect the customer experience, all Documents/ Advice-related information, including keywords and search terms, must comply with the guidelines provided under . Any attempt to manipulate the search and browse experience is prohibited.
Misuse
of the ratings, feedback or Documents/ Advice reviews: REGISTERED
USERS cannot submit abusive or inappropriate feedback entries,
coerce or threaten buyers into submitting feedback, submit
transaction feedback regarding them, or include personal information
about a transaction partner within a feedback entry. Furthermore,
any attempt to manipulate ratings of any REGISTERED USER is
prohibited. Any attempt to manipulate ratings, feedback, or
Documents/ Advice reviews is prohibited.
Reviews: Reviews
are important to the SoOLEGAL Platform, providing a forum for
feedback about Documents/ Advice and service details and reviewers'
experiences with Documents/ Advices and services –
positive
or negative. You may not write reviews for Documents/ Advices or
services that you have a financial interest in, including reviews
for Documents/ Advices or services that you or your competitors deal
with. Additionally, you may not provide compensation for a review
(including free or discounted Documents/ Advices). Review
solicitations that ask for only positive reviews or that offer
compensation are prohibited. You may not ask buyers to modify or
remove reviews.
Prohibited Content
REGISTERED USERS are expected to conduct proper research to ensure that the items posted to our website are in compliance with all applicable laws. If we determine that the content of a Documents/ Advice detail page or listing is prohibited, potentially illegal, or inappropriate, we may remove or alter it without prior notice. SoOLEGAL reserves the right to make judgments about whether or not content is appropriate.
The
following list of prohibited Documents/ Advices comprises two
sections: Prohibited Content and Intellectual Property
Violations.
Listing
prohibited content may result in the cancellation of your listings,
or the suspension or removal of your transacting privileges.
REGISTERED USERS are responsible for ensuring that the Documents/
Advices they offer are legal and authorised for Transaction or
re-Transaction.
If
we determine that the content of a Documents/ Advice detail page or
listing is prohibited, potentially illegal, or inappropriate, we may
remove or alter it without prior notice. SoOLEGAL reserves the right
to make judgments about whether or not content is appropriate.
Illegal and potentially illegal Documents/ Advices: Documents/ Advices sold on SoOLEGAL.in must adhere to all applicable laws. As REGISTERED USERS are legally liable for their actions and transactions, they must know the legal parameters surrounding any Documents/ Advice they display on our website.
Offensive material: SoOLEGAL reserves the right to determine the appropriateness of listings posted to our website.
Nudity: In general, images that portray nudity in a gratuitous or graphic manner are prohibited.
Items that infringe upon an individual's privacy. SoOLEGAL holds personal privacy in the highest regard. Therefore, items that infringe upon, or have potential to infringe upon, an individual's privacy are prohibited.
Intellectual Property Violations
Counterfeit merchandise: Documents/ Advices displayed on our website must be authentic. Any Documents/ Advice that has been illegally replicated, reproduced or manufactured is prohibited.
Books - Unauthorised copies of books are prohibited.
Movies - Unauthorised copies of movies in any format are prohibited. Unreleased/prereleased movies, screeners, trailers, unpublished and unauthorized film scripts (no ISBN number), electronic press kits, and unauthorised props are also prohibited.
Photos - Unauthorised copies of photos are prohibited.
Television Programs - Unauthorised copies of television Programs (including pay-per-view events), Programs never broadcast, unauthorised scripts, unauthorised props, and screeners are prohibited.
Transferred media. Media transferred from one format to another is prohibited. This includes but is not limited to: films converted from NTSC to Pal and Pal to NTSC, laserdisc to video, television to video, CD-ROM to cassette tape, from the Internet to any digital format, etc.
Promotional media: Promotional versions of media Documents/ Advices, including books (advance reading copies and uncorrected proofs), music, and videos (screeners) are prohibited. These Documents/ Advices are distributed for promotional consideration and generally are not authorized for Transaction.
Rights of Publicity: Celebrity images and/or the use of celebrity names cannot be used for commercial purposes without permission of a celebrity or their management. This includes Documents/ Advice endorsements and use of a celebrity's likeness on merchandise such as posters, mouse pads, clocks, image collections in digital format, and so on.
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